Thu, 17, July, 2025, 8:04 pm

New Cancer Therapy Targets Ribosomal Biogenesis

New Cancer Therapy Targets Ribosomal Biogenesis

Rafiq Islam (Kansas City): Recently, researchers from Uppsala University published a report on the renowned Nature Communication showing that cancer metastasis process is helped by synthesis of new ribosomes. In cells, the structural and functional unit of all cells, ribosomes is factories for protein production. The investigators observed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a migratory program associated with tumor metastasis, is fueled by increase in ribosomal biogenesis. This unexpected observation is independent of species and types. The discovery opens up the possibility for a new treatment strategies for advanced cancers. As tumors progress towards advanced stages, they dedifferentiate, become more aggressive, and lose the characteristics of original tissue. They also acquire the migratory capacity that allows the tumor metastasize to distant sites in the body, leading to eventual patient death.
EMT allows the some tumor cells to develop migratory ability, and to lose their proliferative capacity and become more stem-like. This transition leads to both increased invasiveness and an ability to evade numerous cancer treatments.
In mouse models of human tumors, the researchers demonstrated using a small molecule called CX-5461, an inhibitor of ribosome biogenesis, by inhibiting the formation of new ribosomes, aggressive and hormone insensitive tumors could be partially reverted to a benign and non-metastatic type. CX-5461 treatment also resulted in a marked reduction in the number of lung metastases.
“Until recently, ribosomes have been considered to play passive roles during the production of proteins. Our study shows that ribosomes potentially have complex, active roles, and suggests that more attention should be given understanding how ribosomes contribute cell physiology in health and disease states” said lead author of the study, Theresa Vincent of the department of immunology, genetics and pathology at Uppsala University.

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